Endometriosis

Endometriosis affects around 10% (190 million) of women and girls of reproductive age worldwide. Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus in other parts of the body. It often affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis. However, in rare cases, growths may be found outside the pelvic region.

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Symptoms

Symptoms of endometriosis vary, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all. But for those who do, these symptoms can be debilitating. The main symptom of endometriosis is pelvic pain.

Common symptoms include:

Painful periods: Pelvic pain and cramping may begin before menstruation and persist for several days. Lower back and abdominal pain may also occur. This condition is also known as dysmenorrhea.

Pain with sex: Pain during or after sexual intercourse is a common symptom of endometriosis.

Infertility: Endometriosis is sometimes first diagnosed during infertility tests.

Discomfort with bowel movements or urination: These symptoms are most likely to occur before or during menstruation.

Excessive bleeding: You may experience heavy menstrual periods or bleeding between periods.

Other symptoms: Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating and nausea.

For those who experience symptoms, endometriosis can resemble other conditions that cause pelvic pain, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or ovarian cysts. It may also be confused with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which causes diarrhea, constipation, and stomach cramps. IBS can occur alongside endometriosis, making it more challenging for your diagnosis.

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Diagnosis

Based on a persons medical history or physical exam, doctors may request tests such a transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, or biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Laparoscopy: This procedure involves making a small incision in the abdomen and inserting a thin tube with a camera to directly view the pelvic organs. It allows the doctor to identify signs of endometriosis and take biopsies if needed. Laparoscopy is the most reliable method for diagnosing and grading endometriosis.

Stage I (Minimal): Few small implants; minimal or no adhesions.

Stage II (Mild): More implants and slightly deeper lesions; minimal adhesions.

Stage III (Moderate): Many deep implants; small ovarian cysts; noticeable adhesions.

Stage IV (Severe): Numerous deep implants; large ovarian cysts; extensive adhesions.

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Types of Endo

1. Superficial Endometriosis:

• The most common form.

• Lesions are found on the peritoneum, the lining of the pelvic cavity.

2. Ovarian Endometriosis (Endometriomas):

• Cysts, also known as "chocolate cysts," form on the ovaries.

• These cysts are filled with old, dark blood and can cause severe pain.

3. Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis:

• Involves endometrial tissue penetrating into pelvic organs.

• Found in the recto-vaginal septum, bladder, and bowel

4. In rare cases, endometriosis can occur outside the pelvis, affecting organs like the lungs, diaphragm, and brain.